The project, located in Visakhapatnam district on India’s eastern coast, forms part of Google’s planned $15 billion investment in India between 2026 and 2030. The facility, comprising three data centers in Tarluvada, Adavivaram and Rambilli villages, is expected to become the company’s largest AI infrastructure hub outside the United States.

While state authorities and industry advocates have promoted the development as a landmark investment in India’s digital economy, concerns have intensified in recent weeks over land acquisition, environmental impacts and the project’s long-term demands on local infrastructure.

According to activists, nearly 200 acres of the approximately 500 acres allocated for the development belong to Dalit families who were granted land rights under a nationwide redistribution program launched during the 1970s.

Critics allege that landowners were pressured into selling their plots at prices significantly below prevailing market rates.E.A.S. Sarma, a former Indian power secretary who has campaigned against the project, said the acquisition process disproportionately affected marginalized landholders.

He argued that compensation paid to local families amounted to a fraction of the land’s market value, effectively transferring economic benefits from poor rural communities to a global technology company.Environmental concerns have emerged as another focal point of opposition. Activists contend that a large portion of the proposed development area falls within or near notified forest land and warn that extensive clearing could increase erosion and sedimentation in nearby reservoirs.Critics also question the project’s future water requirements. Data centers typically consume substantial volumes of water for cooling systems, and residents fear the facility could place additional pressure on resources in a region that has periodically faced water scarcity.Sarma said the development could affect both reservoir capacity and drinking water availability for Visakhapatnam and surrounding communities. He also raised concerns about electricity demand, arguing that large-scale data centers place significant loads on local power infrastructure.Local advocacy groups say uncertainty surrounding the project’s environmental footprint has fueled public anxiety. The Human Rights Forum, a grassroots organization active in the region, said residents have struggled to obtain detailed information regarding water sourcing, electricity supply arrangements and environmental mitigation plans.V.S. Krishna, the organization’s coordinator in Visakhapatnam, said public frustration has grown because key aspects of the project remain unclear. He said local communities were seeking greater transparency regarding the hub’s operational requirements and its potential social and environmental consequences.Residents, including Dalit farmers and urban community groups, have begun organizing meetings and localized protests to demand additional information and safeguards before construction progresses further.The dispute highlights the broader challenge facing India as it seeks to attract large-scale technology investments while balancing environmental concerns, infrastructure constraints and the interests of communities affected by major industrial projects.

The vessel, Pine Gas, carrying 45,000 metric tons of LPG, took nearly three weeks to leave the Gulf after loading at Ruwais on February 27, a day before hostilities escalated following U.S. and Israeli strikes on Iran.

Chief Officer Sohan Lal said the crew of 27 Indian nationals witnessed daily missile and drone activity while awaiting clearance. The ship was eventually instructed by Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps to transit through a narrow channel north of Larak Island, instead of standard shipping lanes.

The alternative route was advised due to concerns that the main Hormuz passage had been mined, Lal said. Clearance to proceed was granted only after all crew members consented to the voyage.

Indian authorities coordinated closely with the vessel’s owner, Seven Islands Shipping, before approving the transit. The Indian Navy guided the tanker through the strait and deployed four warships to escort it for nearly 20 hours from the Gulf of Oman into the Arabian Sea.

Officials said no transit fees were paid and Iranian forces did not board the vessel during its passage.Supply concerns and reroutingIndia, heavily reliant on imported LPG for household consumption, has been monitoring shipping risks closely.

The cargo, initially destined for Mangalore, was redirected to ports on the east coast, including Visakhapatnam and Haldia, to manage supply distribution.

New Delhi said six Indian vessels have successfully transited the strait, while 18 ships with about 485 Indian crew remain in the Persian Gulf.

Iran has stated it is permitting passage for vessels from “friendly nations,” including India, as maritime traffic through Hormuz remains restricted.