Muslim and Jewish community organisations in Britain say recent violence targeting Jewish residents in north London has reinforced the importance of long-term interfaith work, even as rising fear and tensions linked to the conflict in the Middle East make that work more difficult.

The latest concerns followed the alleged attempted murder of two Jewish men in Golders Green, an area of north London with a large Jewish population. Community leaders said the incident has deepened anxiety within British Jewish communities already facing heightened tensions since the October 7, 2023 attack on Israel and the subsequent war in Gaza.

Laura Marks, co-founder of Nisa-Nashim, a Jewish-Muslim women’s network established eight years ago, said repeated incidents of violence have left many community organisers emotionally exhausted.“I feel punch drunk,” Marks said. “Every day it feels like there is something else. It’s relentless.”

Nisa-Nashim was created to bring Jewish and Muslim women together through social gatherings, dialogue and community events aimed at reducing distrust and stereotypes between the two faith communities. The organisation’s founders said the goal was to strengthen local relationships that could withstand political tensions generated by international conflict.

Marks said incidents such as the Golders Green attack can feel discouraging for groups that have spent years working to improve community cohesion.“I do sometimes despair,” she said. “But if I don’t believe I can make things a bit better, then what am I doing?”She said the purpose of such organisations is not to address violent extremism directly, but to counter the wider social consequences of conflict, including fear, suspicion and growing separation between ordinary people.

“A lot of this work is not designed to address extreme radicalisation,” she said. “The aim is to help ordinary Jews and Muslims acknowledge their similarities as well as their differences, whether culture, history, scripture or food.”According to Marks, the conflict that followed the October 2023 Hamas attack on Israel made this work significantly harder.

As the humanitarian crisis in Gaza intensified and public debate in Britain became more polarised, support for interfaith initiatives weakened.She said some volunteers withdrew after experiencing online abuse or extremist threats, while others felt demoralised or faced pressure from family members who questioned participation in cross-community projects.

At present, she said, the immediate focus for many Jewish communities is physical security.“Right now, all people can hear is walls, police, security,” Marks said. “I understand that. It’s like a hierarchy of needs: if we are not safe, we can’t do anything else.”But she warned that permanent separation cannot be the long-term answer.“Long term, we can’t live behind walls,” she said.

“We have to build relationships.”Mohammed Amin, co-chair of the Muslim Jewish Forum of Greater Manchester, said he felt “horror and dismay” when he learned of the Golders Green attack. The forum, established more than two decades ago, brings Muslim and Jewish communities together through shared social events and dialogue.Amin said its work has produced practical improvements in local community relations by encouraging understanding and trust.

“People get to know each other,” he said. “We have seen real friendships emerge.”The group regularly organises visits, meals and cultural exchanges. Amin pointed to an upcoming visit to a kosher-halal fish and chip restaurant in Leeds, staffed by both Muslims and Jews, as an example of how ordinary social interaction can reduce suspicion and build familiarity.“You can’t change the course of international politics,” he said.

“But these things help change the atmosphere and defuse tension.”Amin, a businessman and former Conservative Party member who is now affiliated with the Liberal Democrats, said responsibility for improving cohesion cannot rest entirely with charities and volunteers. He argued political leadership is essential in shaping public attitudes.“Some politicians in our society trade on sowing division and resentment,” he said.

He cited comments made by Reform UK leader Nigel Farage following the Southport riots in 2024 as an example of rhetoric that can inflame tensions rather than reduce them.“If politicians are going to pour petrol on the flames, do not be surprised by the outcome,” Amin said.

Community organisations say funding for interfaith programmes remains limited despite growing concern over social division. Marks said government investment in cohesion work is often overlooked compared with visible security responses, despite its importance in preventing long-term fragmentation.“At the core of what we do is mixing people, bringing people together,” she said.

“This is social cohesion at the coalface.”She argued that while police protection and community security measures are necessary, they should not replace investment in trust-building between communities.Amin said tensions between Jewish and Muslim communities in Britain often rise and fall depending on developments in the Middle East, but local relationships can help reduce the impact of those external pressures.

For him, interfaith work is less about solving geopolitical conflict and more about preserving the everyday social fabric of British cities.“If you increase connectivity, you decrease hostility,” he said. “The key is to recognise we are all ordinary human beings.”

Speaking before greeting Charles and Queen Camilla at a 9/11 memorial event in New York, Mamdani said he would urge the king to return the historic gemstone, which was taken from the Indian subcontinent during British colonial rule in the 19th century.

“If I was to speak to the king, separately from that, I would probably encourage him to return the Koh-i-Noor diamond,” Mamdani said, while adding that the focus of the event remained honoring those killed in the Sept. 11 attacks.It was not immediately clear whether Mamdani raised the issue directly during his brief exchange with Charles, who was seen speaking and laughing with the mayor after the two shook hands at the memorial ceremony.

The Koh-i-Noor, a 106-carat diamond housed in the Tower of London, is among the most prominent jewels in Britain’s Crown Jewels and is mounted in the crown made for Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother.The gem’s ownership has been disputed for generations.

It passed through the hands of Mughal emperors, Persian rulers and Sikh maharajas before it was ceded to Queen Victoria in 1849 under the Treaty of Lahore following the annexation of Punjab by the British Empire.India has repeatedly sought the return of the diamond, arguing it was taken under colonial rule, though British governments have consistently rejected those requests.

Other countries, including Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran, have also laid claim to the stone, citing historical ownership ties dating back centuries.The comments quickly drew criticism from Britain’s anti-immigration Reform UK party, whose home affairs spokesman Zia Yusuf described Mamdani’s remarks as an insult to the monarch.

“This beautiful diamond is currently on display in the Tower of London,” Yusuf wrote on X. “That is where it will stay.”Debates over colonial-era artifacts have intensified globally in recent years, with former imperial powers facing growing pressure to return culturally significant objects to their countries of origin.

Charles’ visit to New York included a memorial tribute to victims of the 2001 attacks and meetings with local leaders, amid broader efforts to strengthen diplomatic and symbolic ties between Britain and the United States.

Under the agreement, France will significantly expand its coastal security presence, increasing the number of officers tackling irregular migration by more than 50% to reach 1,400 by 2029. The funding from United Kingdom will be partly conditional, with nearly a quarter tied to performance benchmarks assessing the effectiveness of French actions.

The deal follows months of negotiations between United Kingdom and France over renewing the Sandhurst Treaty, which governs British financial contributions toward efforts to prevent migrants from departing French shores.

British authorities have long argued that France needed to do more to stop departures, as crossings by small boats have become a politically sensitive issue in the UK. London had insisted on tighter oversight and conditions on how funds are deployed before agreeing to renew the framework, first signed in 2018 and extended in 2023.

According to the roadmap, funding allocations could be redirected if joint annual assessments determine that the measures fail to deliver sufficient results. French authorities also plan to deploy additional surveillance tools, including drones, helicopters and digital monitoring systems, to reduce departures, particularly those involving so-called “taxi boats.”

Under international maritime law, authorities are limited in their ability to intervene once vessels have left shore, focusing primarily on rescue operations to prevent loss of life.

Official British data shows that 41,472 people reached the UK via irregular small-boat crossings in 2025, the second-highest annual figure since such journeys were first recorded in 2018.

At least 29 migrants died attempting the crossing that year, according to figures compiled from French and British sources.

“We’re not going to get dragged into this war. It is not our war,” Starmer told parliament, adding that participation would not serve Britain’s national interest.Trump, speaking in a phone interview with Sky News, said he could alter an agreement limiting the impact of U.S. tariffs on Britain, signaling potential economic consequences for London’s stance.

He also criticized the UK’s level of support during U.S. military operations.Tensions have risen between the allies after Britain declined to allow its bases to be used for initial U.S. strikes on Iran last month.

London later approved a request for the use of two bases for what officials described as a “specific and limited defensive purpose.”Starmer emphasized the resilience of the bilateral relationship, referencing the planned state visit of King Charles III to the United States and stating that ties between the two countries extend beyond individual leaders.

Trump said disagreements would not affect the royal visit but reiterated criticism of Britain’s position. “When we needed them, they were not there,” he said.The dispute reflects a broader hardening in tone from Starmer’s government toward Washington.

Finance Minister Rachel Reeves criticized the U.S. decision to launch military action against Iran as lacking a clear exit strategy, while Health Minister Wes Streeting described Trump’s rhetoric as “incendiary” and “provocative.”

Reeves was scheduled to meet U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent in Washington on Wednesday on the sidelines of International Monetary Fund meetings to discuss the economic implications of the conflict.

The Metropolitan Police said no injuries were reported in the early-morning attack in Golders Green, but the blaze destroyed the vehicles, triggered explosions from onboard oxygen cylinders and damaged nearby homes, prompting evacuations.

Metropolitan Police Commissioner Mark Rowley said detectives were pursuing multiple lines of inquiry, including an online claim of responsibility by a group identifying itself as Harakat Ashab Al-Yamin Al-Islamia, which has previously claimed attacks in Europe.

“We are pursuing all lines of inquiry, including an online claim of responsibility by an Islamist group who have claimed other attacks across Europe and have potential Iranian state links,” Rowley said, adding that it was too early to attribute the incident directly to any state actor.

Police said three suspects seen in security footage carrying a canister near the ambulances are being sought, though no arrests have been made.

Prime Minister Keir Starmer described the incident as “horrific” and met Jewish community representatives at Downing Street to discuss the response.“Antisemitism has no place in our society and it’s really important that we all stand together at a moment like this,” Starmer said.

Religious leaders also condemned the attack, with Chief Rabbi Ephraim Mirvis calling it a “sickening assault,” while Anglican leader Sarah Mullally said such violence had no place in society.

The ambulances belonged to Hatzola Northwest, a volunteer emergency response organization serving the local Jewish community. The London Fire Brigade said explosions from oxygen cylinders shattered windows in nearby buildings.

The attack has heightened concerns within Britain’s Jewish population, estimated at around 300,000, amid a broader rise in antisemitic incidents. The Community Security Trust has reported a sharp increase in such cases in recent years following the October 2023 Hamas attack on Israel and the subsequent conflict in Gaza.

Police said additional security would be deployed around Jewish schools, synagogues and community centers ahead of the Passover holiday next month.

The London Fire Brigade said it deployed six fire engines and about 40 firefighters to the scene near a synagogue in Golders Green, where multiple cylinders inside the vehicles exploded, shattering windows in an adjacent apartment block.

The fire was brought under control by 0306 GMT.The ambulances were operated by Hatzola, a not-for-profit volunteer emergency response group serving the Jewish community.

Starmer called the incident “deeply shocking” and said antisemitism had no place in British society. Writing on X, he said his thoughts were with the Jewish community affected by the attack.

London Mayor Sadiq Khan also condemned the incident and said police patrols in the area would be increased.

The Metropolitan Police said officers remained at the scene and that the case was being treated as an antisemitic hate crime.

The SITE Intelligence Group reported that an Iran-aligned militant collective calling itself the Islamic Movement of the People of the Right Hand had claimed responsibility for the attack.

The group has allegedly been linked to similar arson incidents targeting Jewish sites in Belgium, Greece and the Netherlands, according to the same source.Mark Gardner, chief executive of the Community Security Trust, said the incident bore “an obvious parallel” to recent anti-Jewish arson attacks in cities including Liege, Rotterdam and Amsterdam.

Attacks on Jewish individuals and institutions have risen globally since the October 2023 Hamas attacks in Israel and the subsequent war in Gaza. British authorities have also reported a sustained increase in antisemitic incidents during this period.

Starmer said earlier this month that the government would work with both Muslim and Jewish organizations to ensure adequate security at sensitive locations, warning that broader regional conflicts, including tensions involving Iran, risk exacerbating domestic divisions.

Britain has seen several serious incidents in recent years, including a 2025 attack in Manchester in which two Jewish worshippers were killed during Yom Kippur.