The Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) said at least nine of those executed were linked to protests that shook Iran in January 2026, while 10 others were put to death for alleged membership in opposition groups and two were executed on spying charges.

The agency said many of those detained had been subjected to enforced disappearances, torture and what it described as cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, including forced confessions, some of which were later broadcast publicly, as well as mock executions.

“I am appalled that on top of the already severe impacts of the conflict the rights of the Iranian people continue to be stripped from them by the authorities, in harsh and brutal ways,” U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Turk said in a statement.

“In times of war, threats to human rights increase exponentially. Yet even where national security is invoked, human rights can only be limited where strictly necessary and proportionate,” he said.Turk called on Iranian authorities to halt further executions, establish a moratorium on the death penalty, ensure due process and fair trial guarantees, and immediately release those arbitrarily detained.

OHCHR said many people, including minors, remain at risk of capital punishment because of Iran’s broad interpretation of national security offenses. It said judicial proceedings were often accelerated and some death sentences, including those of at least nine executed protesters, were reportedly based on coerced confessions.

The agency also raised concerns over the transfer of dozens of prisoners, including prominent human rights lawyer Nasrin Sotoudeh, to undisclosed locations.Iran remains one of the world’s leading users of capital punishment and executes more people annually than any country except China, according to rights groups including Amnesty International.

Turk also criticized prison conditions across Iran, describing them as dire, with overcrowding and severe shortages of food, water, hygiene supplies, medicine and access to medical care.In Chabahar prison on March 18, detainees protesting the prolonged suspension of food distribution were reportedly met with lethal force.

OHCHR said security forces killed at least five prisoners and injured 21 others after confronting demonstrators inside the prison.The agency further said internet access in Iran had been almost completely shut down for 61 consecutive days, describing it as one of the longest nationwide shutdowns ever recorded.

“This is denying people across the country access to vital information, silencing independent voices, and inflicting enormous social and economic harm,” Turk said.He said the restrictions were worsening an already fragile humanitarian and economic situation and urged authorities to restore access immediately.

The Tripoli Criminal Court convicted the four defendants in absentia, handing down prison terms ranging from 12 to 22 years, according to a statement published by the attorney general’s office on Facebook. The office did not disclose the identities of those convicted.

Prosecutors said the group was involved in smuggling undocumented migrants from the western coastal city of Zuwara, one of Libya’s main departure points for migrants attempting to reach Europe across the Mediterranean.

Authorities said the gang also abducted migrants and extorted ransom payments from their families, sending relatives videos showing victims being tortured in order to force payment.

Libya has become a major transit route for migrants and asylum seekers fleeing war, persecution and poverty in Africa and the Middle East since the 2011 NATO-backed uprising that toppled longtime leader Muammar Gaddafi and plunged the country into prolonged instability.

Migrants often travel through dangerous desert crossings before attempting sea journeys to Europe in overcrowded and unsafe boats operated by smuggling networks.Two weeks ago, at least 17 bodies believed to be migrants were recovered from the shores of Zuwara by a local medical service center, highlighting the continuing risks faced by those attempting the crossing.

Separately, Libya’s Public Prosecutor’s Office on Monday ordered the arrest of another criminal group accused of sending migrants from the eastern city of Tobruk across the Mediterranean on an unsafe and dilapidated vessel that later capsized.

Authorities said the incident resulted in the deaths of 38 migrants from Sudan, Egypt and Ethiopia.International scrutiny over Libya’s treatment of migrants has intensified in recent years.

In November, several countries including the United Kingdom, Spain, Norway and Sierra Leone urged Libya during a United Nations meeting in Geneva to close detention centers where rights groups say migrants and refugees have been tortured, abused and in some cases killed.