The campaign follows a landslide electoral victory by Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s BJP in West Bengal, where the party pledged to “detect, delete and deport” illegal migrants.

West Bengal Chief Minister Suvendu Adhikari said on Sunday that 4,800 Bangladeshi citizens had already been deported after being held in newly established detention facilities across the state.

“We have started the work of deporting Bangladeshi infiltrators who do not fall under the purview of the Citizenship Amendment Act,” Adhikari told reporters in Kolkata.

He said the government established holding centers in every district during May and that a further 836 people were currently being held pending deportation.

India and Bangladesh share a long and porous border, and migration between the two countries has historically been driven by economic opportunities, family ties and cross-border cultural links.

The new state administration has also ordered detention measures for Rohingya refugees, members of a predominantly Muslim minority who fled persecution in neighboring Myanmar.

The deportation drive has renewed debate over immigration and citizenship in one of India’s most politically sensitive border regions.

Senior BJP leaders have frequently described undocumented migrants as “infiltrators,” arguing that illegal migration places pressure on public resources and alters demographic balances.

Critics, including civil rights advocates and opposition groups, contend that the government’s rhetoric and enforcement measures disproportionately affect Muslim communities and risk undermining due process protections. Human rights organizations have previously accused Indian authorities of forcibly expelling Bengali-speaking Muslims without adequate legal review.

The crackdown comes as diplomatic relations between India and Bangladesh continue to recover from tensions that emerged after the 2024 political upheaval in Dhaka, which ended the rule of former prime minister Sheikh Hasina, a close partner of New Delhi.

A new government elected in Bangladesh in February has sought to stabilize ties with India. Border security chiefs from both countries are scheduled to meet in New Delhi on Monday to discuss cross-border issues, including migration and security cooperation.

Rubio’s visit comes as the United States works to ease tensions with India following tariff measures imposed by President Donald Trump that affected several Indian exports and prompted concerns in New Delhi about the future direction of bilateral economic ties.

Speaking before his departure, Rubio described India as a key partner for the United States and emphasized the importance of continued cooperation between the two countries across a range of strategic and economic issues.

The secretary of state arrived in Kolkata on Saturday and is scheduled to begin a multi-city tour that includes visits to Agra and Jaipur. He will also visit the headquarters of the Missionaries of Charity, the religious order founded by Mother Teresa.

During his stay, Rubio is expected to hold bilateral talks with India’s External Affairs Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar and meet Prime Minister Narendra Modi to discuss regional security, economic cooperation and broader geopolitical developments.

The centerpiece of the visit will be Tuesday’s ministerial meeting of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue in New Delhi, bringing together foreign ministers from India, the United States, Australia and Japan.

The Quad has increasingly focused on maritime security, regional stability and maintaining a free and open Indo-Pacific. Member countries have repeatedly expressed concern over China’s actions in the South China Sea and other contested waters, arguing that such activities risk undermining regional stability.

China rejects those accusations, maintaining that its military posture is defensive and aimed at protecting what it considers sovereign interests. Beijing has also criticized the Quad, portraying it as an effort to constrain China’s growing economic and strategic influence.

Rubio has placed significant emphasis on the Quad since taking office. His first formal international engagement after assuming the role was a series of meetings with foreign ministers from the other Quad member states, highlighting the grouping’s central role in U.S. Indo-Pacific strategy.

Prevention of Lynching Bill 2019 defines that “lynching as any attempt or act of violence by a mob on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, language, dietary practices, sexual orientation, political affiliation, ethnicity, or any other ground.”

The bill proposes that a maximum punishment of life imprisonment and fines ranging from Rs 1 lakh to Rs 5 lakh against the mob-lynchers and imprisonment of up to three years and fined a maximum Rs 1 lakh for assisting mob-lynchers.

Also the bill states one year jail and a fine up to Rs 50,000 for publishing, communicating or disseminating offensive material by any method – physical or electronic.  

The bill is passed by the state government with the support of the Congress and the Communist Party of India (Marxist) parties, however Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) neither showed any support nor did it oppose. BJP felt such a move is to settle political scores, Press Trust of India (PTI) reported.

“Lynching is a social evil and all of us have to come together to fight against it,” she said while formulating the bill in the Assembly.”

“The Supreme Court has given direction to take action against lynching. We need to raise awareness against the incident of lynchings,” she added.

According to a Reuters report, a total of 63 cow vigilante attacks had occurred inIndia between 2010 and mid 2017, mostly since the Modi government came to power in 2014, which has increased to a scaring rate between 2017 and 2019.

Cyclone Fani (“Snake” in Bengali) slammed into the eastern state of Odisha earlier in the day, reportedly killing at least eight people and one in Bangladesh, where it was headed after Kolkata, officials said.

With effects felt as far away as Mount Everest, winds gusting up to 200 km per hour sent coconut trees flying and cut off power, water and telecommunications.

Authorities in Odisha, where 10,000 people perished in a 1999 cyclone, had evacuated more than a million people as they worried about a possible 1.5-meter (five-foot) storm surge sweeping far inland.

Eight people were killed, the Press Trust of India (PTI) reported, including a teenage boy, a woman hit by concrete debris and an elderly woman who suffered a heart attack in one of several thousand shelters packed with families.

Odisha disaster management official Prabhat Mahapatra said there were not yet any confirmed casualty figures.

“Around 160 people were injured in Puri alone. Our relief work is ongoing,” he said.

Authorities in Bangladesh, next in Fani’s trajectory, said a woman was killed by a tree, and that 14 villages were inundated as a tidal surge breached flood dams. Some 400,000 people have been taken to shelters, officials said.

Hundreds of thousands more people in India’s West Bengal state have also been given orders to flee. Local airports have been shut, with train lines and roads closed.

“It just went dark and then suddenly we could barely see five meters in front of us,” said one resident in the holy city of Puri, where Fani made landfall.

“There were roadside food carts, store signs all flying by in the air,” the man said. “The wind is deafening.”

Another witness said he saw a small car being blown along a street by the winds and then turned over.

PTI reported that a big crane collapsed and that a police booth was dragged 60 meters (yards) by the wind.

As Fani headed northeastwards, losing strength but still packing a punch, Odisha authorities battled to remove fallen trees and other debris strewn over roads and to restore phone and internet services.

Electricity pylons were down, tin roofs were ripped off, piles of bricks could be seen and windows of hotels and homes were smashed.

Gouranga Malick, 48, was solemnly picking up bricks after the small two-room house he shared with his six-strong family collapsed, its roof blown away.

“I have never witnessed this type of devastation in my lifetime,” he said.

“Energy infrastructure has been completely destroyed,” Odisha’s chief minister Naveen Patnaik said.

A baby was born near Odisha’s capital Bhubaneswar just as the cyclone tore through.

“We are calling her Lady Fani,” a spokesperson for the hospital told PTI.

Next in Fani’s sights was West Bengal’s capital Kolkata, home to 4.5 million people, with the eye of the storm due around midnight (1830 GMT) and rain already falling hard several hours before.

The city normally teeming with people was all but deserted, with shopping malls shut and hawkers absent from the pavements after packing up their stalls. Only a few vehicles packed with people heading home plied the roads.

Subrata Das, manager of the AXIS Mall, said: “We have seen how the cyclone ravaged some buildings in Bhubaneswar. We don’t want to take any risk. We are trying to survive the cyclone.”

“If we don’t take our things, we fear the cyclone will raze everything,” said Murad Hussain, 45, who runs a stall.

“We are monitoring the situation 24/7 and doing all it takes… Be alert, take care and stay safe for the next two days,” West Bengal’s chief minister Mamata Banerjee tweeted.

The winds were felt as far away as Mount Everest, with tents blown away at Camp 2 at 6,400 meters (21,000 feet) and Nepali authorities cautioning helicopters against flying.

Ports have been closed but the Indian Navy has sent six warships to the region. Hundreds of workers were taken off offshore oil rigs.

“We are mooring our boat because it’s the only means of income for us. Only Allah knows when we can go back to fishing again,” Akbar Ali, a fisherman near the town of Dacope in Bangladesh, said while battling surging waves to tie his boat to a tree. — Saudi Gazette