Voting in the industrial city of about 62,000 residents has drawn national attention after the mayoral candidate of the right-wing League party included two Muslim candidates on his electoral list, a move that sparked controversy within the party and highlighted shifting demographic realities ahead of national elections next year.

Located in the Lombardy region amid factories and rice fields, Vigevano has a foreign-born population of roughly 15 percent, including large communities with roots in Egypt and Romania. The city also has a growing number of naturalized citizens and second-generation Italians whose political influence is becoming increasingly significant.

The League, led nationally by Matteo Salvini, currently governs the city. Salvini has advocated tough immigration policies and has argued that citizenship should be revoked from second-generation immigrants convicted of serious crimes. Against that backdrop, local mayoral candidate Riccardo Ghia drew attention by selecting two Muslim candidates in an effort to broaden the party’s appeal among immigrant-origin voters.

One of those candidates, Hagar Haggag, a 20-year-old Italian of Egyptian heritage, said she had faced threats and abuse since announcing her candidacy. She attributed much of the backlash to her decision to wear an Islamic headscarf.

Haggag said she had not experienced discrimination within the local League organization and noted that a previous League administration had permitted the opening of a Muslim prayer hall in a converted industrial building in 2022. She said her campaign was partly motivated by a desire to challenge stereotypes surrounding Muslim women and their participation in public life.

The second Muslim candidate, Ibrahim Hussein, serves as a spokesman for the local prayer hall and has described his candidacy as an example of successful integration. In public statements, he has argued that immigrants who respect Italian laws should be fully accepted within society.

Campaigning concluded on Friday with Ghia defending his decision, saying political participation should be based on respect for civic rules rather than religious identity.

The debate has revealed broader fractures within Italy’s governing coalition. While the national League leadership distanced itself from the Vigevano candidates, the ruling Giorgia Meloni’s party, Brothers of Italy, backed the local ticket. Coalition partner Forza Italia, generally regarded as more moderate on immigration issues, supported a separate mayoral slate.

The divisions have created an opening for Roberto Vannacci, a former League figure who recently launched the nationalist party Futuro Nazionale. During a campaign visit to Vigevano this month, Vannacci delivered a speech focused heavily on immigration and public security.

His local ally, lawyer Furio Suvilla, has campaigned on stricter security measures, including deploying the army to address public disorder around the city’s railway station and closing the Muslim prayer hall.
Political analysts say the contest reflects broader demographic and electoral shifts occurring across Italy.

According to sociologist Maurizio Ambrosini, candidates with immigrant backgrounds remain relatively uncommon in Italian politics compared with countries such as France and Germany, but several right-wing parties are increasingly seeking to attract voters and candidates from immigrant communities.

On the center-left, candidate Sabrine Hamrouni, whose father emigrated from Tunisia in the 1990s, said she hoped political fragmentation on the right would benefit her campaign.

Born and raised in Vigevano, she said questions of identity and belonging remain central for many residents with immigrant roots despite their long-standing ties to the city.

The election is being closely watched as an indicator of how Italy’s evolving social landscape may reshape political competition ahead of next year’s national vote.

The first U.S.-born pontiff traveled to Acerra, near Naples, where he urged people to reject “temptations of power and enrichment” linked to activities that damage the environment and communities. The visit came as the Vatican prepares to publish Leo’s first encyclical on Monday, a major teaching document expected to address artificial intelligence, warfare and workers’ rights.

Speaking before residents affected by decades of pollution, Leo said he had come to the region to “gather the tears” of families who had lost loved ones to illnesses linked to toxic waste contamination. He criticized what he described as the failure to curb environmental abuses and said those responsible had been allowed to act without accountability for too long.

Crowds gathered in Acerra’s main square to welcome the pope, waving Vatican flags and displaying photographs of relatives who had died. During his four-hour visit, Leo met with victims and reiterated concerns about what he called the “dizzying profits” earned by a small number of actors at the expense of public health, employment and future generations.

The area around Naples, commonly known as the “Land of Fires,” has for decades been associated with illegal dumping and burning of industrial waste. Waste management operations in parts of southern Italy were historically linked to private contractors, some of whom were alleged to have connections with the Camorra, the Naples-based organized crime network.

In January 2025, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that Italian authorities had failed for years to adequately protect residents from the consequences of illegal waste disposal in the region, citing shortcomings dating back at least to 1988.

The court ordered Italy to develop a comprehensive database of contaminated sites and improve public communication about health and environmental risks.
Following the ruling, Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni appointed a senior military official in February 2025 to lead a task force focused on environmental remediation efforts and assistance for affected communities.

Leo has increasingly adopted a more direct tone on social and environmental issues in recent months. His latest intervention places environmental protection and corporate accountability at the center of his public agenda ahead of the release of his first major papal document.

Modi’s six-day visit starts in the United Arab Emirates before continuing to the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway and Italy, with New Delhi seeking to secure energy supplies and deepen economic ties with Europe following the India-European Union free trade agreement finalized in January.

The trip comes as disruptions around the Strait of Hormuz and Gulf maritime corridors continue to pressure energy-importing economies. India, the world’s third-largest oil buyer, typically sources nearly half of its crude imports through the strategic waterway.

India’s foreign ministry said discussions in the UAE would focus on “strengthening our energy security,” including cooperation on oil and liquefied petroleum gas supplies. The Gulf nation hosts an Indian diaspora estimated at 4.5 million people and remains one of New Delhi’s key energy partners.

Analysts said the visit reflects India’s broader push to diversify strategic partnerships while positioning itself as an alternative manufacturing and technology hub amid shifting geopolitical alignments and supply-chain realignments away from China.

“The recently concluded India-EU free trade agreement has already created momentum,” former Indian ambassador Anil Wadhwa told AFP, adding that India was seeking to position itself as a “trusted economic, technological and clean energy partner.”The European leg of the tour will focus heavily on trade and investment cooperation.

Modi is scheduled to meet Dutch leaders later on Friday for talks expected to cover bilateral trade, defense cooperation, semiconductors, water management, agriculture and healthcare.India and the EU concluded a landmark free trade agreement in January, which Modi described as the “mother of all deals.” European policymakers increasingly view India, the world’s most populous country, as a critical market and strategic counterweight in Asia.

In Sweden, Modi will attend a European business leaders forum alongside Ursula von der Leyen before traveling to Oslo for an India-Nordic summit, marking the first visit by an Indian prime minister to Norway in more than four decades.

Former Indian ambassador K.C. Singh said the Gulf leg of the visit also reflected changing regional alignments following escalating Middle East tensions.“A new international environment now prevails,” Singh told AFP, citing fractures within the Gulf Cooperation Council and growing strategic competition involving Iran, Gulf states, the United States and Israel.

Modi also met Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi in New Delhi on Thursday ahead of the trip, underlining India’s effort to maintain diplomatic engagement across rival regional blocs.Energy analysts said New Delhi could pursue agreements linked to strategic petroleum reserves and long-term LPG supply arrangements to reduce vulnerability to price shocks and shipping disruptions.

The Nordic portion of the tour is also expected to include discussions on Arctic cooperation and climate-linked shipping routes. India operates a research station on Norway’s Svalbard archipelago and has increasingly monitored the commercial and environmental implications of melting polar sea ice.

Indian lawmaker Shashi Tharoor wrote in the Indian Express that India and Nordic nations shared interests in preserving international stability “at a time when the turbulence of the Trumpian era has unsettled global norms.”

The final stop of Modi’s tour will be Italy on May 19, where he is expected to meet Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni for talks on bilateral cooperation and regional security issues.

The meetings in Rome come amid strains between the United States and several European allies following criticism by Donald Trump over Europe’s reluctance to support the U.S. military campaign against Iran and disagreements over tariffs and defense commitments.

Rubio was also scheduled to hold talks with Antonio Tajani as part of a broader diplomatic effort to ease trans-Atlantic friction.

Italy has publicly opposed the war with Iran, with Meloni describing the conflict as “illegal” and criticizing Trump’s remarks directed at Pope Leo XIV. Trump in turn accused Meloni of failing to support Washington adequately during the conflict.

The dispute has complicated what had previously been viewed as one of Trump’s strongest relationships with a European leader.

Washington has also increased pressure on European allies over military burden-sharing and support for operations in the Middle East. The United States recently announced plans to withdraw 5,000 troops from Germany, while Trump has threatened additional reductions of American military deployments in Italy and Spain.

Italy hosts several strategically important U.S. and NATO facilities supporting operations across the Mediterranean, Middle East and North Africa. Italian officials have expressed concern that troop reductions could weaken NATO’s southern flank.

Defense cooperation between Rome and Washington came under strain in March when Italy declined to authorize the use of the Sigonella air base in Sicily for U.S. bombing missions linked to the Iran conflict without parliamentary approval.

Under Italy’s constitution and existing treaty arrangements, military bases used within a NATO framework generally require additional authorization for offensive combat operations.

Meloni and Tajani have repeatedly stated that Italy will not participate directly in the Iran war and have insisted any request involving offensive use of Italian bases must receive parliamentary consent, where opposition to the conflict remains strong.

The war has also raised economic concerns for Italy, which depends heavily on energy imports and exports. Meloni has warned that instability in the Strait of Hormuz risks increasing energy prices and harming household purchasing power, while uncertainty surrounding possible U.S. tariffs has unsettled Italy’s export-oriented industries.

Rubio’s visit began on Thursday with meetings at the Vatican, including talks with Pope Leo XIV and Cardinal Pietro Parolin.According to the U.S. Department of State⁠, discussions focused on efforts to secure a lasting peace in the Middle East and reaffirmed the longstanding relationship between Washington and the Holy See.

The exchange follows recent remarks by Trump accusing the pope of being lenient on Iran’s nuclear ambitions, a claim Leo denied, reiterating that the Catholic Church has consistently opposed nuclear weapons and advocates for peace.

“The mission of the Church is to preach the Gospel, to preach peace,” Leo said on Tuesday, responding to Trump’s comments. He added that while criticism was inevitable, his position remained rooted in longstanding Church teaching against nuclear arms.

Trump, speaking on a radio program, suggested the pope’s views could endanger people, asserting that Leo appeared to tolerate the idea of Iran possessing nuclear weapons. The Vatican has maintained that the pope has never endorsed such a position and has instead opposed the ongoing war, which the US administration says is aimed at curbing Iran’s nuclear program.

US Ambassador to the Holy See Brian Burch said Rubio’s visit would focus on dialogue rather than confrontation. “Nations have disagreements, and one way to address them is through fraternity and authentic dialogue,” Burch told reporters, adding that the secretary of state would seek to “talk through” any differences.

Burch dismissed suggestions of a deep rift between Washington and the Vatican, framing the visit as an opportunity to improve mutual understanding. Rubio, a Catholic, previously met Leo following the pope’s inaugural mass last year, alongside Vice President JD Vance.Rubio is also scheduled to meet Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni on Friday.

Meloni has publicly defended the pope, while members of her government have raised concerns about the broader geopolitical implications of the Iran conflict.

Leo, marking his first year as head of the 1.4-billion-member Catholic Church this week, has emerged as a vocal critic of the Iran war in recent weeks. He has also spoken out against US immigration policies and called for renewed dialogue between the United States and Cuba.

US ambassador to the Holy See Brian Burch said Rubio’s visit would focus on dialogue and engagement over policy differences. “Nations have disagreements,” Burch told reporters, adding the meeting would aim to foster “authentic dialogue” and mutual understanding.

The visit follows renewed criticism by Trump, who accused the pope of undermining US policy on Iran. In recent remarks, Trump suggested the pontiff’s position could endanger people, comments that drew backlash from Christian leaders across political lines.The pope has not supported Iran acquiring nuclear weapons but has opposed the US-led war, which Washington says is aimed at curbing Tehran’s nuclear program.

In recent weeks, Leo has emerged as a vocal critic of the conflict, as well as of US immigration policies.Burch dismissed suggestions of a deep rift between Washington and the Vatican, saying Rubio’s visit was intended to strengthen communication and address differences directly.

Rubio, a Catholic, previously met the pope last year alongside Vice President JD Vance after attending his inaugural mass, marking one of the few high-level engagements between the Trump administration and the Vatican.During his trip, Rubio is also scheduled to meet Giorgia Meloni in Rome.

Italian officials have expressed concern that the Iran conflict could affect US global leadership, while Meloni has publicly defended the pope.Leo, who marks his first year leading the Catholic Church this week, has increasingly taken positions on international issues, calling for dialogue and restraint in global conflicts.

Trump this week sharply criticized German Chancellor Friedrich Merz, calling him “totally ineffective” after Merz questioned the U.S. approach to the Iran conflict and said Washington lacked a clear exit strategy. On Friday, the Pentagon announced plans to withdraw 5,000 troops from Germany and confirmed higher tariffs on European Union cars and trucks, a move expected to hit Germany’s export-heavy economy particularly hard.

The administration has also turned its focus toward Britain, with Trump describing Prime Minister Keir Starmer as “not Winston Churchill” and threatening major tariffs on British imports, further widening tensions with traditional U.S. allies.European diplomats described the atmosphere as increasingly unpredictable.

“It’s unnerving to say the least,” one diplomat said, speaking on condition of anonymity. “We are braced for anything, anytime.”The friction has been aggravated by Washington’s push for stronger allied backing in the Iran war, particularly around securing the Strait of Hormuz, a vital global oil shipping route disrupted by the conflict.

Trump has accused European governments of failing to provide adequate military support for U.S. operations that he argues protect broader Western interests.Reuters reported last week that the Pentagon had internally discussed punitive options for NATO members viewed as unsupportive, including suspending Spain from NATO and reviewing U.S. recognition of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands.

Some European officials said they were adapting to Trump’s confrontational style. One diplomat pointed to former German Chancellor Angela Merkel as a model for managing relations with Trump during his first term.“You must not react immediately, you must let the storm pass, while standing firmly on your positions,” the diplomat said, adding that attempts at personal flattery had also failed to prevent criticism.

Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, once viewed as one of Trump’s closest European political allies, also faced criticism after she publicly opposed the Iran war and condemned what she called Trump’s “unacceptable” remarks about Pope Leo.Even NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte, often seen in Europe as skilled at managing Trump, was reportedly rebuked during a recent White House meeting.

Within the Republican Party, Trump’s hardline stance has drawn some resistance. Representative Don Bacon said repeated attacks on NATO partners were damaging U.S. interests.

“The continued attacks on NATO allies are counterproductive, the comments hurt Americans,” Bacon wrote on X, noting that U.S. air bases in Germany remain strategically important for operations across Europe, Africa and the Middle East.German military officials were reportedly surprised by Trump’s announcement on troop reductions, especially after what they described as constructive Pentagon meetings earlier this week.

General Carsten Breuer, Germany’s top military officer, had indicated he received positive support for Berlin’s updated defense strategy during talks in Washington.Analysts say the political mood in Europe is shifting, with leaders becoming more willing to publicly challenge Washington as domestic pressure rises over the economic and security fallout of the Iran war, including rising energy costs and trade disruptions.

Jeffrey Rathke of the American-German Institute at Johns Hopkins University said Chancellor Merz’s sharper tone reflected a broader recalibration.“It’s pretty clear that something has changed,” Rathke said, noting that European governments increasingly believe they can no longer rely on the post-World War II security framework without significantly expanding their own military capabilities.

The backlash has emerged despite earlier efforts by Trump to rebuild ties with Europe’s far right after returning to the White House last year.

While U.S. Vice President JD Vance recently campaigned for Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, such overt support has become increasingly rare amid discontent over the Iran war.

Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni declined to allow U.S. forces to use an air base in Sicily for strikes on Iran, while Marine Le Pen, leader of France’s National Rally, described Trump’s war objectives as “erratic.”

In Germany, officials from the Alternative for Germany have called for the withdrawal of U.S. troops stationed in the country.The tensions come even as a fragile ceasefire between Washington and Tehran remains in place, underscoring the broader geopolitical strain triggered by the conflict.

Analysts say the developments highlight the limits of Trump’s ambition to forge a cohesive international bloc of nationalist movements.

“Getting a blessing from Donald Trump is now a mixed blessing,” said Charles Kupchan, a professor of international relations at Georgetown University and senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations.

The rift follows earlier friction between Washington and European allies over Trump’s remarks targeting Denmark in connection with his demand that the country cede Greenland to the United States.

Trump also criticized NATO for what he described as insufficient support during recent tensions.Daniel Baer, a former U.S. ambassador and State Department official, said the latest disagreements reflect the difficulty of sustaining a unified nationalist coalition across borders.

“Building some sort of international coalition around national chauvinism is very difficult,” he said.Orbán, long regarded as a key Trump ally, has so far avoided direct criticism, maintaining a cautious stance on the Iran conflict. In a recent interview, he said it was too early to determine whether U.S. actions would lead to peace or further escalation.

Hungary’s leader has emphasized his relationship with Trump as a pillar of his foreign policy, often presenting it to voters as a source of security and international leverage. However, analysts warn that the association could carry political risks as perceptions of the U.S. administration shift.

According to Mario Bikarsku, a senior Europe analyst at Verisk Maplecroft, recent U.S. engagement in Hungary could have unintended consequences for Orbán’s domestic standing.

Experts note that the rise of far-right parties across Europe has largely been driven by domestic political dynamics rather than external influence, suggesting limited incentive for alignment with Washington’s policies.

Kupchan said nationalist movements in countries such as the United Kingdom, France and Germany have gained traction independently, shaped more by local economic and political conditions than by U.S. support.

The evolving divisions underscore the fragility of transnational political alliances built on ideological affinity, particularly as the Iran conflict continues to reshape global alignments.

Voters will decide on a proposal to separate the careers of judges and public prosecutors, splitting the self-governing High Council of the Judiciary (CSM) into two distinct bodies.

Though focused on institutional reform, the vote has evolved into a broader political contest between the government-backed “Yes” campaign and opposition forces advocating “No.” No turnout quorum is required for the referendum to be valid.

Analysts say the campaign has been marked by sharp rhetoric and limited public understanding of the legal changes at stake.

Fabrizio Masia, head of pollster EMG, said most voters were likely to base their choice on political loyalties rather than the substance of the reform.“Only a small minority of Italians knows much about the issue,” Masia said, adding that party leaders on both sides were focused on mobilising supporters to secure a narrow win.

Opinion polls released before a mandated two-week blackout period showed a closely contested race, with the “No” camp gaining ground amid indications that some right-wing voters may abstain. Meloni has ruled out resigning if the referendum fails, a move widely interpreted as an effort to dampen opposition turnout driven by the prospect of weakening her government.

Her ruling coalition, which includes Brothers of Italy, the League and Forza Italia, continues to poll ahead of the left, which has struggled to consolidate around the Democratic Party and the 5-Star Movement.

A rejection of the reform could inject momentum into efforts to unite centre-left forces and potentially expose internal strains within the governing bloc, Masia said. Conversely, approval of the measure would strengthen Meloni’s political standing as she approaches the latter part of her term.

Political scientist Emanuele Massetti said a government victory would reinforce its longer-term agenda, particularly with an eye on the 2027 election, as Italy navigates external geopolitical pressures and a sluggish domestic economy.