Demonstrators gathered in central Tunis under the slogan “The people are hungry and prisons are full,” calling for an end to what they described as one-man rule and denouncing arrests targeting politicians, journalists and civil society figures.

Protesters said authorities were using the judiciary and security apparatus to suppress dissent while economic conditions continued to deteriorate. Tunisia has faced sluggish economic growth, rising consumer prices, shortages of medicines and some food products, financing constraints and mounting pressure on state services.

The latest demonstration reflects growing domestic criticism of Saied, who dissolved parliament in 2022 and expanded presidential powers by governing through decrees in moves opponents and rights organizations say undermined the democratic system established after Tunisia’s 2011 uprising.

Saied has repeatedly rejected accusations of authoritarianism, saying his measures are necessary to combat corruption and prevent political paralysis and instability.

Tunisia’s legal and media sectors have also intensified criticism of the government in recent weeks. The national bar association has called for strikes over concerns regarding judicial independence, while the journalists’ union has announced protests against the detention of journalists and what it describes as increasing restrictions on press freedom.

Authorities deny accusations of political repression and say legal actions taken against critics are carried out in accordance with the law.

Tunisia’s economic difficulties have been compounded by financing pressures and delays in implementing reforms sought by international lenders, while unemployment and declining purchasing power continue to fuel public frustration.

Seoul’s National Intelligence Service (NIS) told a closed-door parliamentary briefing that Pyongyang has not supplied weapons or material support to Iran since the conflict began on February 28.

The agency also noted that North Korea refrained from issuing condolences following the death of Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in air strikes, according to lawmaker Park Sun-won, who attended the session.

The NIS further said Pyongyang did not send a congratulatory message after Mojtaba Khamenei was named Iran’s new supreme leader, underscoring what it described as a cautious diplomatic posture amid the escalating crisis.

While China and Russia have issued multiple statements on the conflict, North Korea’s Foreign Ministry has released only two relatively muted responses, the intelligence agency said.

This restrained approach aligns with a broader pattern in which Pyongyang has avoided direct criticism of US President Donald Trump in recent months.The NIS assessed that North Korea’s calibrated messaging is aimed at maintaining diplomatic flexibility ahead of a potential summit between Chinese President Xi Jinping and Trump expected in May.

Lawmakers were told the strategy reflects Pyongyang’s effort to position itself for a possible shift in geopolitical dynamics once the Middle East conflict stabilizes.Economic considerations are also shaping North Korea’s posture, the NIS said.

The country is facing disruptions in securing industrial supplies, alongside rising prices and currency pressures linked to the broader regional instability. The agency added that Pyongyang is seeking to secure oil supplies from Russia to mitigate the impact.

At the Ninth Workers’ Party Congress in late February, leader Kim Jong Un indicated a willingness to engage with Washington, stating there was no reason the two countries could not improve relations if the United States acknowledged North Korea as a nuclear state and abandoned what Pyongyang considers hostile policies.

According to the NIS, Kim’s remarks were delivered in a personal tone intended to signal openness to dialogue while maintaining strategic leverage, suggesting a calculated effort to keep diplomatic channels viable amid shifting international conditions.

The cabinet has ordered a 30% reduction in fuel and electricity consumption across government offices, alongside suspending certain staff training programs and halting the procurement of new vehicles, ships and aircraft. Decorative lighting for public celebrations has also been banned as part of broader conservation efforts.

Authorities said shopping malls and retail outlets would close earlier than usual, while office timings have been curtailed to limit overall energy demand in the country of more than 170 million people.

The measures come as Bangladesh grapples with heavy reliance on imported energy, which accounts for approximately 95% of its fuel needs. Officials are seeking alternative energy sources and arranging $2.5 billion in external financing to sustain essential imports.

The crisis has been exacerbated by global energy market volatility linked to ongoing geopolitical tensions, putting pressure on the country’s foreign exchange reserves and raising concerns over energy security.

A 23-year-old rider, Mohammad Mohsin, said his daily earnings have fallen from around 1,500 rupees ($5.38) to about 1,100 rupees as petrol prices climbed above 320 rupees per litre. “Before it was all mine. Now, a huge sum goes into petrol,” he said.

The spike in fuel prices is hitting low-paid urban workers particularly hard, with many riders struggling to cover basic expenses, let alone seasonal spending associated with Eid. Reuters spoke to more than half a dozen riders across Karachi, all of whom said higher petrol costs had significantly reduced their take-home earnings.

The squeeze comes despite increased demand for deliveries during Ramadan evenings and the Eid period, when food orders typically surge.

Pakistan’s inflation rate, which peaked at 38% in 2023, has eased but remains elevated at around 7%, continuing to push up the cost of food, rent and utilities. Many gig workers earn below the monthly minimum wage of 32,000 rupees ($114.67), with no fixed salaries or employment benefits.

Riders said the combined impact of inflation and fuel costs has eroded their purchasing power, forcing them to prioritise essentials over customary holiday spending.

Companies reliant on gig workers, including foodpanda, say they are adjusting pricing and taking steps to support rider earnings.

However, workers say these measures have not kept pace with rising costs, leaving them to compensate by spending more hours on the road.

Austerity measures, school closures and increased work-from-home practices have also reduced ride-hailing demand, cutting into incomes even as delivery volumes rise.

“We cannot afford clothes or shoes,” said Hizbullah, a 26-year-old delivery rider, reflecting a broader sentiment among workers that a typically festive period has become financially strained.