During his stay in Japan, Macron signed a cooperation roadmap covering critical minerals and defense, and held talks with Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, alongside a meeting with the imperial couple.

He also praised Europe’s “predictability,” in comments widely interpreted as a contrast with recent U.S. policy decisions.The remarks followed criticism from Trump, who described France as “very unhelpful” in the Iran conflict and made personal jibes at Macron.

The exchange highlights growing transatlantic friction as the war continues to reshape global alliances.Macron’s visit to South Korea comes amid heightened geopolitical and economic uncertainty, particularly linked to disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz, a vital route for global energy supplies.

The waterway’s effective closure has driven up oil prices and strained import-dependent economies across Asia.South Korean President Lee Jae Myung called for deeper cooperation with France in an opinion article, emphasizing collaboration in artificial intelligence, nuclear energy, hydrogen technologies and space.

“In an increasingly fragmented and uncertain international environment, partnerships between democratic nations are becoming strategically essential,” Lee wrote.

Seoul has already introduced a fuel price cap to cushion the economic impact of rising energy costs, marking its first such intervention since 1997.Macron’s itinerary in South Korea includes a bilateral summit with Lee, participation in an economic forum, and a visit to a Korean War memorial honoring French troops.

The trip also features cultural engagements, including a dinner with figures from the country’s film and music industries.

The visit underscores France’s effort to deepen ties in the Indo-Pacific while navigating diplomatic strains with Washington over the direction and handling of the Iran conflict.

Qatar and the United Arab Emirates are stepping into a US-led technology partnership aimed at securing AI and semiconductor supply chains while accelerating the Middle East’s transition to a digital economy.

Qatar and the United Arab Emirates are set to formally join a United States-led initiative designed to strengthen artificial intelligence and semiconductor supply chains. The move reflects growing regional alignment around technology-driven economic growth and long-term security.

The initiative, known as Pax Silica, brings together countries with complementary industrial strengths to protect critical technology ecosystems. It focuses on semiconductors, advanced manufacturing, data infrastructure, and access to key minerals.

Qatar is expected to join the framework within days, followed shortly by the UAE. Their participation highlights a new phase of regional cooperation centered on technology rather than traditional geopolitical divisions.

The addition of Gulf states to the initiative signals increasing trust and shared economic priorities. It also reflects efforts to integrate Middle Eastern economies into global technology networks.

Pax Silica includes countries such as Israel, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Britain, and Australia. The alliance is structured as a coalition of capabilities rather than a traditional political bloc.

Each member contributes based on its industrial strengths, innovation capacity, and strategic assets. This approach allows flexible collaboration while supporting mutual economic resilience.

US officials describe the initiative as a practical framework rather than a symbolic agreement. Its goal is to translate shared values into coordinated action across supply chains.

For Qatar and the UAE, participation represents a shift toward a technology-focused economic model. Both countries are actively diversifying beyond hydrocarbons through digital infrastructure and innovation investment.

The initiative aligns closely with national strategies aimed at developing artificial intelligence, advanced computing, and smart infrastructure. These efforts support sustainable growth and global competitiveness.

Pax Silica also seeks to reduce dependence on rival suppliers by strengthening trusted partnerships. Secure supply chains are increasingly seen as essential to economic stability and national security.

The announcement comes alongside growing regional interest in critical minerals and advanced manufacturing. These sectors are viewed as foundational to future technology leadership.

Discussions within the group include modernizing trade and logistics routes using advanced technology. Projects such as the India Middle East Europe Corridor are being explored to enhance connectivity.

The initiative also emphasizes protection of critical infrastructure from disruption. Coordinated policy and shared standards are key elements of this strategy.

Regular meetings are planned to expand membership and advance joint projects. This ongoing engagement supports momentum and accountability among participants.

Regional analysts say the move positions the Gulf as an emerging technology hub. Strategic investment and international collaboration are accelerating this transformation.

Israel’s participation alongside Gulf states highlights the economic potential of cross-regional cooperation. Technology is increasingly serving as a bridge for pragmatic partnerships.

The initiative is also expected to attract private sector investment. Companies benefit from clearer supply chain security and coordinated regulatory approaches.

As global demand for AI and semiconductors grows, alliances like Pax Silica are gaining importance. They help ensure reliable access to critical technologies.

Overall, Qatar and the UAE joining the initiative marks a positive step toward a diversified, innovation-driven Middle East. The partnership strengthens global supply chains while supporting regional economic transformation.

Balochistan’s modern history is inseparable from the manner in which it entered Pakistan.

On December 10, the U.S. Chargé d’Affaires in Islamabad, Natalie Baker, announced that the U.S. Exim Bank had approved a package of $1.25 billion in financing to support mining operations at Reko Diq, one of the world’s richest untapped copper and gold deposits. On the surface, Washington framed the decision as a step toward securing global supply chains for critical minerals.

Islamabad portrayed it as a sign of renewed confidence in Pakistan’s investment climate. But for Balochistan, Pakistan’s largest province by land but its poorest by every measure, the announcement landed like yet another reminder that its natural wealth is a prize others are free to carve up.

This Exim Bank financing flows directly after two MoUs were signed on September 8, 2025, between Pakistan and the United States for “critical minerals cooperation.” The military dominated Shehbaz Sharif government heralded the agreements as a milestone. But in Balochistan, they are yet another chapter in an old story: the extraction of Balochistan’s resources by outside powers, facilitated by a central government that treats the province not as a partner but as a colony.

For decades, Pakistan has perfected a model of imperial governance in Balochistan, which combines military control, political manipulation, and economic dispossession. What is new today is not the extraction but the identity of the extractors. The United States now joins China, whose multibillion-dollar projects under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) have already given Beijing expansive access to Balochistan’s ports, highways, and mineral deposits.

Pakistan’s rulers have turned Balochistan into a marketplace where global powers shop for resources while the people who live above those riches remain among the most deprived in South Asia.

Balochistan’s modern history is inseparable from the manner in which it entered Pakistan. After the forced accession of 1948, the province was governed with suspicion and repression. Islamabad treated Baloch aspirations for autonomy as rebellion, not politics. The result is a province where the most powerful institution is not the provincial assembly but the Quetta cantonment, whose writ supersedes that of any civilian office.

Even today, Balochistan’s political leadership is crafted in military corridors of Rawalpindi and the condonement at Quetta. The current chief minister, Sarfaraz Bugti, is widely viewed as a product of the military establishment, who is another local administrator empowered to manage dissent rather than address the province’s material deprivation. The result is a governance system more interested in securing resource corridors than building schools, hospitals, or representative institutions.

Under this militarized order, resource extraction has been carefully organized to ensure that wealth flows outward to Pakistan’s dominant province, Punjab, and to foreign partners courted by the military-led state. Balochistan’s natural gas from Sui fueled Pakistan’s industrial growth for decades, yet most Baloch households cook on firewood.

Today, its copper and gold fields promise to enrich foreign corporations and deliver revenue to Islamabad, while the communities living in the shadow of these mines remain jobless, landless, and under surveillance.

Even menial jobs at major projects like security guards, cleaners, construction labor, are routinely filled by workers imported from Punjab. The message is unmistakable that the state does not merely extract from Balochistan, it excludes Baloch people from even the crumbs of that extraction.

The rush by both China and the U.S. for access to Balochistan’s minerals reflects how Pakistan’s ruling elite has repositioned the province within global competition. Beijing’s footprint was first to expand, anchored by the Gwadar port and a series of infrastructure and mining agreements.

CPEC promised development but delivered a model where Chinese companies received generous concessions, security cordons were erected to protect foreign workers, and local fishing communities were pushed to the margins.

Now, Washington enters the scene, not as a counterweight to China’s influence but as another partner in Pakistan’s long tradition of opaque, extractive deals. It reflects a bipartisan plunder with Pakistan inviting multiple patrons to mine a region whose own residents are denied the most basic political and economic rights.

The most striking thing about Balochistan is how starkly its material reality contradicts its mineral wealth. Despite being mineral rich in every aspect, the province ranks at the bottom of every development index in Pakistan. For instance, the poverty appears near-universal with 71 percent of the provincial population living in multidimensional poverty. It is nearly double the national average of 38 percent and in districts like Awaran, Kharan, and Panjgur, even exceeds 80 percent.

Likewise, education is in an equally dire state. Literacy hovers around 40–44 percent, the lowest in the country, with female literacy dropping below 25 percent in many rural districts. More than 60 percent of Balochistan’s children are out of school. These are not statistics of a neglected province; they are the metrics of deliberate underdevelopment.

The story is same across healthcare with the province recording the highest maternal mortality ratio of 785 deaths per 100,000 live births. It is abysmal compared to the national average of 186.

Nevertheless, the new U.S. financing for Reko Diq along with the other critical mineral MoU is significant not because it marks a shift in Washington’s policy but because it reveals a continuity in Pakistan’s own governing logic of treating Balochistan as a frontier to exploit.

The province is secured by force, governed through proxies, and opened to whichever foreign power is willing to invest billions with no questions asked about political rights or local consent.

Even when the government speaks of “benefit-sharing,” it does not specify it that the benefit is for Punjabis and Punjabi military and political elite that dominates the levers of power in Pakistan. As such, it is not partnership but a plunder with legal paperwork.

The tragedy is not just that Balochistan’s resources are being plundered. It is that this plunder is now bipartisan, endorsed by Islamabad, welcomed by Washington and Beijing, and justified in the name of development that never arrives.

For the people of Balochistan, the empire has simply added new partners. The loot continues. The province remains impoverished. And the world’s most powerful countries now share in the spoils of a land whose own residents have yet to taste the prosperity lying beneath their feet.

Disclaimer: Views expressed by writers in this section are their own and do not reflect Milli Chronicle’s point-of-view.

As Johannesburg prepares to host the first G20 summit ever held on African soil, global attention is focused on how leaders will navigate growing geopolitical tensions and differing national priorities.

Washington announced it would not attend, citing concerns about South Africa’s domestic policies, which the U.S. administration claims disadvantage white citizens.

The host country has rejected these allegations, framing the summit instead as a moment for Africa to demonstrate leadership and encourage cooperation among diverse economies.

South Africa has designed an agenda centred on development-driven priorities such as climate resilience, support for low-income nations, sustainable energy transitions and better financial terms for countries carrying heavy debt burdens.

Officials say these themes reflect the continent’s needs, particularly as extreme weather events intensify and the demand for critical minerals grows worldwide.

The symbolism of Trump’s empty chair remains unavoidable, particularly because South African President Cyril Ramaphosa is expected to hand over G20 leadership to the next host — the United States.

Ramaphosa has acknowledged the awkwardness of the moment, saying he will complete the ceremonial handover regardless of Trump’s absence and deliver remarks aimed at continuing diplomatic engagement.

The absence of several other leaders is reshaping the summit as well. Argentina’s President Javier Milei will not attend due to ideological differences with the agenda, while Russia’s Vladimir Putin will remain absent because of the International Criminal Court warrant issued against him.

China will send Premier Li Qiang as its representative, signaling participation without elevating the diplomatic profile as high as a presidential visit.

European countries, along with China and other major economies, are expected to use the opportunity to increase their influence and shape discussions that traditionally depend heavily on U.S. involvement.

Analysts suggest that the U.S. withdrawal could create a temporary leadership gap, allowing other powers to take a more prominent role in shaping global cooperation strategies.

Some experts argue that without Washington’s often oppositional stance in recent years, negotiators may find it easier to seek common ground on issues such as debt sustainability and climate finance.

Others note that the absence of a potentially confrontational American delegation might reduce tensions and allow the hosts to keep the focus on African priorities. However, concerns remain that any outcomes will carry less weight if the United States is not engaged in the process.

French President Emmanuel Macron is expected to highlight cooperation with African nations on energy transition and economic partnerships.

Several governments are exploring the possibility of trade agreements and mineral-related investments on the sidelines of the summit.

Africa’s immense mineral wealth and its young, rapidly growing population position the continent as a key player in the future global economy.

The presence of an African Union delegation reinforces the hosts’ effort to secure fairer terms in mineral extraction, infrastructure development, and energy transition initiatives.

Despite the optimism surrounding Africa’s central role, some analysts believe the summit will still face challenges linked to long-standing divisions among G20 members.

In recent years, disagreements over climate responsibility, financial reforms and geopolitical rivalries have limited the group’s ability to produce strong, unified statements.

The U.S. had previously indicated it would oppose any language referencing climate change in the final communiqué, making progress difficult even before its decision not to attend. Observers note that global forums have struggled to maintain momentum as major powers adopt more unilateral policies.

For South Africa, the summit remains an opportunity to highlight the importance of multilateral cooperation, even as the international environment becomes increasingly fragmented.

Whether the meeting results in significant agreements or only cautious statements, it marks a historic moment for Africa as it hosts one of the world’s most influential political and economic gatherings.