The restriction, imposed last week and expected to remain in place until at least the end of March, aims to prevent domestic shortages in China, the world’s largest oil importer, according to market sources.

The move curtails exports that were valued at about $22 billion last year.War disruptions amplify supply strainEven before the export curbs, Asian refiners were seeking alternative crude supplies as the conflict in the Middle East disrupted flows from the Gulf.

Several refineries in the region, a key supplier of fuel to Asia, have shut operations as shipping through the Strait of Hormuz was halted.

The combined impact has intensified competition for available cargoes, leaving import-dependent economies exposed to supply shocks.

Australia, Bangladesh and the Philippines, which rely heavily on Chinese refined fuel exports, are expected to face immediate challenges in meeting demand.

China accounted for roughly one-third of Australia’s jet fuel imports last year and about half of supplies to Bangladesh and the Philippines in 2024.

China ranks as Asia’s fourth-largest exporter of refined, or “clean,” fuels after South Korea, India and Singapore, and plays a pivotal role as a swing supplier when regional demand fluctuates.

Analysts say the sudden halt in exports leaves limited room for other suppliers to compensate. “The remaining Asian exporters simply do not have the spare volumes to replicate China’s role as the region’s swing supplier,” Kpler analyst Zameer Yusof said.

Benchmark refining margins in Singapore, known as “cracks,” are expected to continue rising as markets adjust through higher-priced replacement cargoes or reduced demand.

Fuel prices across Asia have climbed sharply. Diesel derivatives rose to $150 per barrel on March 17, while jet fuel swaps reached $163 per barrel, up from about $92 before the war, according to LSEG data.

Gasoline traded at $139.80 per barrel on Monday, compared with $79.30 on February 27.The tightening market is already affecting downstream sectors. Vietnam has warned airlines to prepare for potential flight cuts from April due to fuel shortages linked to export restrictions.

China’s Foreign Ministry said on Monday that military action in the Middle East should cease and that Beijing is willing to work with other countries to ensure energy security.

The Philippines, which holds the rotating ASEAN chairmanship this year, is hosting an economic ministers’ retreat while foreign ministers are scheduled to convene virtually on the same day to discuss the widening crisis and its implications for Southeast Asia.

Philippine Trade Undersecretary Allan Gepty said the conflict’s economic impact would feature prominently in discussions, particularly as energy prices and logistics disruptions ripple through regional economies.“The concern is a given,” Gepty told reporters, noting that ASEAN governments could not ignore the potential effects on inflation, employment and supply chains.

Joint strikes by the United States and Israel on Iran launched nearly two weeks ago have killed around 2,000 people and disrupted global energy markets and transportation routes, according to officials cited in the discussions.

The conflict has effectively closed the Strait of Hormuz, a strategic maritime chokepoint through which roughly a fifth of the world’s oil and liquefied natural gas shipments pass, sending crude prices above $100 per barrel and triggering volatility in global markets.

Several Southeast Asian economies depend heavily on crude oil and LNG imports from the Gulf, raising concerns over fuel costs and energy security if disruptions persist.

The Philippines imports a significant portion of its oil from the Middle East, while a halt in liquefied natural gas exports from QatarEnergy has tightened regional supply conditions.

Authorities in Manila have shortened the government work week to conserve fuel, and President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. has asked Congress for authority to suspend fuel excise taxes to cushion rising costs.

Elsewhere in the region, Vietnam cut retail fuel prices overnight after a recent easing in global crude benchmarks but warned volatility could persist amid ongoing supply disruptions.

Earlier this month, Thailand halted energy exports to all countries except Laos and Myanmar in an effort to safeguard domestic supply.

ASEAN foreign ministers have described the escalation of the conflict as “particularly regrettable” and called for an immediate cessation of hostilities, urging all sides to exercise restraint, protect civilians and resolve differences through dialogue in accordance with international law.

Regional officials say coordinated policy responses will be essential to manage the economic shock if disruptions to energy supplies and trade routes continue.

“It is important that our actions and responses to the ongoing conflicts must be synchronised,” Gepty said.

The decision represents one of the most significant adjustments to India’s investment screening regime since New Delhi tightened scrutiny of foreign capital from neighbouring countries following the confrontation along the disputed Himalayan frontier. The earlier restrictions had sharply slowed Chinese investment into India and complicated business ties between the two Asian powers.

Government officials have said the easing will apply to selected sectors, though authorities have not detailed the full scope of industries affected. The move forms part of a broader effort to stabilise bilateral relations that have gradually improved since diplomatic and military engagements helped ease tensions along the border.

India introduced stringent investment screening rules in April 2020, requiring government approval for all foreign direct investment from countries sharing a land border with India. The policy applied most prominently to Chinese firms and was framed by New Delhi as a safeguard against opportunistic takeovers of Indian companies during the economic disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The measure followed a deterioration in relations after a deadly clash between Indian and Chinese troops along their disputed frontier in June 2020. The confrontation led to the most serious military standoff between the two nuclear-armed neighbours in decades and triggered a broad reassessment of economic engagement.

Shortly after the clash, India banned 59 mobile applications linked to Chinese companies, including TikTok, WeChat and UC Browser, citing national security concerns. The ban marked a major escalation in India’s technology restrictions on Chinese firms and was followed by additional curbs affecting telecommunications equipment, infrastructure projects and digital services.

The heightened scrutiny of Chinese investment had a tangible impact on cross-border business activity. Several proposed projects by Chinese companies faced delays or failed to receive regulatory clearance under the tighter rules.

In July 2022, Chinese automaker Great Wall Motor abandoned plans to invest $1 billion in India after it was unable to obtain government approvals required under the post-2020 investment screening framework.

A year later, India rejected a separate $1 billion investment proposal from Chinese electric vehicle manufacturer BYD, again citing security concerns linked to foreign investment from neighbouring countries.

The stalled investments underscored the broader chill in economic ties that followed the border confrontation. While trade between the two countries continued at significant levels, new investment activity from Chinese firms slowed sharply amid regulatory barriers and heightened political sensitivity.

Industry groups and manufacturers had raised concerns that the restrictions were complicating supply chains and delaying industrial projects that relied on Chinese capital, components or technical expertise.

Relations between India and China began to stabilise after the two sides reached an agreement in October 2024 on patrolling arrangements along the disputed frontier, effectively ending a four-year military standoff.

Diplomatic engagement expanded gradually after that agreement, paving the way for a series of economic and travel-related policy adjustments.In July 2025, the government think tank NITI Aayog proposed allowing Chinese companies to acquire up to a 24% stake in Indian firms without requiring security clearance. The proposal was aimed at reducing approval delays created by the post-2020 screening system while maintaining oversight of sensitive sectors.

The diplomatic thaw became more visible in August 2025 when Prime Minister Narendra Modi travelled to China for the first time in more than seven years. The visit signalled renewed engagement between the two governments at a time when geopolitical tensions between China and the United States were rising.

Further steps toward normalising economic ties followed later in the year. In October 2025, the two countries agreed to resume direct commercial flights after a five-year suspension that had disrupted travel and business links.

By December 2025, India began issuing more business visas to Chinese professionals, a move intended to address shortages of technical staff at factories and industrial facilities that had reduced output and delayed projects across several sectors.

Economic considerations have increasingly influenced India’s approach to managing its relationship with China. Indian companies and state-run enterprises have faced supply constraints in areas where Chinese equipment and technical support remain widely used.

In February 2026, India began easing restrictions on the purchase of certain Chinese industrial equipment, allowing state-owned power and coal companies to import machinery in limited quantities. Officials said the policy change was intended to address shortages that had slowed energy and infrastructure projects.

The latest move to relax investment restrictions is seen as part of this broader recalibration. While the government has not announced a full reversal of the screening framework introduced in 2020, officials have indicated that selected sectors could receive greater flexibility for foreign capital.Trade between the two countries has remained robust despite diplomatic tensions, with China continuing to be one of India’s largest trading partners.

However, investment flows have lagged behind trade volumes since the regulatory tightening.Analysts say the evolving policy stance reflects India’s attempt to balance economic needs with security concerns related to strategic industries and infrastructure.

Government officials have not provided detailed guidance on the sectors covered by the eased investment rules or whether additional regulatory safeguards will accompany the policy shift.

The appeal was issued by the Ministry of Industry and Trade Vietnam, which cited a report highlighting the country’s vulnerability to supply shocks because of its heavy reliance on imported energy from the Middle East.

The ministry said companies should “encourage work-from-home when possible to reduce the need for travel and transportation,” according to a government statement.

Energy prices have risen sharply across Vietnam since the conflict escalated at the end of last month. Data from fuel trader Petrolimex showed gasoline prices have climbed 32%, while diesel has risen 56% and kerosene 80%.

The surge has prompted visible shortages in some areas. Long lines of cars and motorbikes were seen queuing at petrol stations in the capital, Hanoi, on Tuesday.

Authorities also urged businesses and consumers not to hoard or speculate on fuel supplies as the government works to stabilise the market.

Prime Minister Pham Minh Minh held calls on Monday with leaders in Kuwait, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates to secure additional supplies of crude oil and refined fuels.

Vietnam also decided on Monday to remove import tariffs on fuel products until the end of April in an effort to ease price pressures and ensure adequate supply for businesses and households.

The measure is being prepared through a resolution by the Vietnam Ministry of Finance and aims to ease pressure on the domestic petroleum market as global energy flows are affected by the war involving Iran.

The government said import tariffs on fuels currently range up to 20%, though many imports from countries with free-trade agreements are already exempt from duties.Officials said the temporary suspension would allow companies to secure fuel supplies more easily during the period of market disruption.

“This tariff removal solution is considered necessary to support businesses in proactively securing their supply sources, contributing to stabilizing the domestic petroleum market and ensuring energy security,” the government said in the statement.

Domestic fuel prices in Vietnam have already risen between 21% and 32% since the U.S.-Israeli war with Iran began, reflecting volatility in global energy markets and tighter supply conditions.

Authorities said the tariff suspension, expected to remain in place through April, would reduce state revenue by about 1.02 trillion dong, equivalent to roughly $39 million.

The government framed the policy as a short-term intervention designed to stabilize energy supplies and limit the economic impact of higher fuel costs during the period of geopolitical uncertainty.