The cancellations, largely announced days or weeks in advance rather than at the last minute, come as carriers adjust schedules to manage higher operating costs. Lufthansa Group said it would cut around 20,000 short-haul flights across its network through October, reflecting broader industry pressures.

The timing coincides with a seasonal surge in travel demand and major global events such as the FIFA World Cup, increasing pressure on airlines and airport capacity. Eric Napoli, chief legal officer at AirHelp, said the disruption adds complexity for passengers navigating varying compensation rules and rebooking options.

Airlines typically offer affected passengers a choice between a refund or rebooking on the next available flight, though the scope of rights depends on the jurisdiction. In the United States, passengers are entitled to a full refund if they choose not to travel following a cancellation, regardless of the cause.

Internationally, protections differ significantly. The Montreal Convention governs airline liability across more than 140 countries, while regional frameworks in the European Union and the United Kingdom provide stronger protections, including compensation in certain cases and a “duty of care” requiring airlines to assist passengers during disruptions.

In contrast, protections in the United States, Canada and parts of Asia are more limited or dependent on airline policies. Industry experts advise travelers to review the passenger rights rules of their departure country before flying.

Travelers affected by cancellations are encouraged to check airline apps or websites for rebooking options, retain documentation such as tickets and communications, and consider alternative routes or airports where necessary.

Experts caution against immediately accepting the first rebooking option without exploring other possibilities.Airlines have cited fuel shortages and rising costs as key drivers of schedule reductions, though such reasons do not automatically negate passenger rights in jurisdictions with stronger consumer protections.

The disruptions highlight mounting pressure on the aviation sector as it navigates elevated fuel costs and peak travel demand ahead of the summer season.

Smoke from a nearby strike lingered as a plane operated by Middle East Airlines took off, underscoring the airport’s continued operations during the latest escalation between Israel and Hezbollah.

The airport, Lebanon’s only international passenger hub, sits on the Mediterranean coast adjacent to Beirut’s southern suburbs, an area heavily targeted by Israeli strikes since Hezbollah launched rockets at Israel last month, drawing the country into the broader regional conflict.

Mohammed Aziz, head of Lebanon’s civil aviation authority, said the airport has remained operational throughout the crisis, based on risk assessments informed largely by the U.S. embassy.

He added that authorities received assurances this week that the airport itself would not be targeted, following an Israeli evacuation warning covering areas near the facility.

Israel has not carried out that threat, which followed a wave of strikes that killed more than 350 people across Lebanon, including in central Beirut and its southern outskirts.

Passenger traffic has dropped to less than half of normal levels, with most international airlines suspending service. Middle East Airlines has maintained a reduced schedule, including a limited number of daily flights to Turkey.At the airport, usually crowded departure halls were sparsely populated, with only a handful of travelers waiting amid heightened security.

Some passengers said their main concern was potential cancellations rather than safety risks.A pilot with the national carrier said commercial flights continue to operate alongside Israeli military aircraft by using designated air corridors. “We have very specific air routes,” he said, adding that aircraft positions are visible through active transponders, reducing the risk of accidental conflict.

He said Israeli military aircraft typically operate at higher altitudes and are detectable on radar systems used by civilian planes.Coordination mechanisms are in place to prevent incidents, with U.S. officials acting as intermediaries, according to aviation sources.

Lebanese authorities are also sharing flight movement data with certain diplomatic missions, a Western source said.Airport chief operating officer Jalal Haidar said he was confident in the safety of the facility, surrounding areas and airspace, adding that operations have continued with minimal disruption, aside from occasional landing delays.

He said the airport is using the reduced traffic to carry out renovations, aiming to expand capacity beyond its annual average of eight million passengers.“We are prepared to remain open and operational,” Haidar said, adding that maintaining connectivity is critical for Lebanon during the conflict.